{"id":374547,"date":"2025-01-02T16:08:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T16:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/?p=374547"},"modified":"2025-01-02T16:08:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T16:08:06","slug":"google-willow-pushes-us-closer-to-mainstream-quantum-computing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/google-willow-pushes-us-closer-to-mainstream-quantum-computing","title":{"rendered":"Google Willow Pushes Us Closer to Mainstream Quantum Computing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/679\/quantum-computing\">Quantum computing<\/a> has been around for quite some time now, but we have yet to see it become commercially viable. However, Google\u2019s recent announcement of the arrival of Willow, a quantum chip that has reduced the error tendencies of some of its predecessors, proves we are closer than ever.<\/p>\n<p>Willow is a big step toward making quantum computing a reality. Its speed is mind-blowing \u2014 Google says it can solve a problem in under five minutes that would take one of today\u2019s fastest supercomputers 10 septillion years to figure out.<\/p>\n<p>For perspective, that\u2019s 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years.<\/p>\n<p>The best part about the new chip, according to Google, is its accuracy. Quantum computing has always had a bit of a wild streak, like a garden hose spraying everywhere with no one to control it. Willow hopes to change that by combining speed with accuracy, something we\u2019ve never seen before.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<h2><span id=\"key_takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Google\u2019s Willow quantum chip pushes for speed and accuracy, reducing error rates and improving qubit retention for more reliable quantum computing.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Willow&#8217;s advancements in error correction and qubit quality could lead to real-world applications like quantum-resistant security and faster AI.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Google aims for a million-qubit system by 2030, with the quantum computing market projected to grow from $928.8 million in 2024 to $6.5 billion by 2030.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Despite challenges, quantum computing\u2019s growth parallels AI, with future applications likely reshaping industries and driving innovation in the next decade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div>\n    <section class=\"toc-sticky w-100 bg-white \">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                 aria-controls=\"multiCollapse1\"\n                 data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse1\">\n                <button\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                >\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Table of Contents\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"toc-main-title-permanent\">Table of Contents<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div\n                    class=\"collapse my-3\"\n                    id=\"multiCollapse1\"\n            >\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item current\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"key_takeaways\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"key_takeaways\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Key Takeaways<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"how_is_google_willow_different\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"how_is_google_willow_different\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">How Is Google Willow Different?<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"willow_commercially_viable_quantum_computing\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"willow_commercially_viable_quantum_computing\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Willow &amp; Commercially Viable Quantum Computing<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"the_current_state_of_quantum_computing\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_current_state_of_quantum_computing\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">The Current State of Quantum Computing<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"the_bottom_line\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_bottom_line\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">The Bottom Line<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"faqs\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"faqs\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">FAQs<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"references\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"references\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">References<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__container__disperse\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__btn-top justify-content-center\">\n                    <button class=\"btn btn-link d-flex align-items-center\" onclick={btnTop()}><p>Show Full Guide<\/p><img decoding=\"async\"\n                                src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/table-of-contents\/assets\/images\/arrow-up-circle.svg\"\n                                alt=\"arrow-up-circle\">\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <div 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             <a data-id=\"key_takeaways\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"key_takeaways\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Key Takeaways<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"how_is_google_willow_different\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"how_is_google_willow_different\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">How Is Google Willow Different?<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"willow_commercially_viable_quantum_computing\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"willow_commercially_viable_quantum_computing\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Willow &amp; Commercially Viable Quantum Computing<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <span class=\"show_moretoc\">Show Full Guide<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"the_current_state_of_quantum_computing\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_current_state_of_quantum_computing\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">The Current State of Quantum Computing<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"the_bottom_line\"\n            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document.querySelector('#multiCollapse1');\n        document.querySelector('html').classList.remove('overflow-hidden');\n        pageLegend.classList.remove('overflow-auto');\n        pageLegend.style.height = 'auto';\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: 0,\n            behavior: 'smooth'\n        });\n    }\n\n    const handleScrollToTitle = (id) => {\n        const el = document.getElementById(id);\n        const headerHeightDifference = window.innerWidth < 992 ? -30 : -15;\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: el.offsetTop - 60 - headerHeightDifference - 10,\n        });\n    }\n<\/script>\n\n<h2><span id=\"how_is_google_willow_different\">How Is Google Willow Different?<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_374595\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-374595\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Google-Willow.jpg\" alt=\"Google's Willow chip has 105 qubits, twice as many as its Sycamore chip.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" class=\"wp-image-374595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Google-Willow.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Google-Willow-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Google-Willow-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-374595\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google&#8217;s Willow chip has 105 qubits, twice as many as its Sycamore chip. (Google)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Google <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/research\/google-willow-quantum-chip\/\" target=\"_blank\">unveiled its latest quantum processor<\/a>, Willow, in December 2024. The company says the chip represents a giant leap forward in the field.<\/p>\n<p>Based on its specs and capabilities, Willow could be the breakthrough that transforms quantum computing from a technical curiosity to a commercially viable tool.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve already talked about how fast it is, putting it into perspective with all those mind-boggling zeros. But the real breakthrough isn\u2019t just the speed \u2013 it\u2019s the intended accuracy.<\/p>\n<p>For decades, one of the biggest challenges for quantum computing has been reliability. As quantum systems add more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/2742\/quantum-bit-qubit\">qubits<\/a>, the quantum equivalent of classical bits, they tend to become more error-prone. This is where Willow\u2019s design stands out.<\/p>\n<p>According to Google, the more qubits Willow uses, the fewer errors it produces. Tests demonstrated exponential progress in reducing error rates as the system scaled. Starting with a 3&#215;3 grid of encoded qubits, researchers scaled up to grids of 5&#215;5 and 7&#215;7, and with each step, they cut the error rate in half using the latest advancements in quantum error correction.<\/p>\n<p>The technology behind Willow is pretty advanced. The chip has 105 qubits, about twice as many as Google\u2019s earlier Sycamore chip, but it is not just about the number of qubits. Their quality matters too.<\/p>\n<p>Willow\u2019s qubits can hold information for much longer due to significantly improved retention times, also known as T1 times. These times are now about five times better than before. This improvement means the qubits stay stable and accurate for longer, which makes a big difference in performance.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"willow_commercially_viable_quantum_computing\">Willow &amp; Commercially Viable Quantum Computing<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Google Willow is a key step toward creating a powerful quantum ecosystem that could solve problems way beyond what today\u2019s classical computers can handle.<\/p>\n<p>The progress made with Willow opens up several possibilities for real-world applications. Quantum computers could break existing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/5507\/encryption\">encryption<\/a> (something known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/q-day-is-coming-how-experts-secure-quantum-computing\">\u2018Q-Day<\/a>\u2019), pushing the need for stronger, quantum-resistant security systems.<\/p>\n<p>They could also supercharge <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/8181\/machine-learning-ml\">machine learning<\/a>, leading to smarter and more efficient <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/190\/artificial-intelligence-ai\">artificial intelligence<\/a> (AI). Plus, they could help model complex molecular interactions, speeding up breakthroughs in new drugs and advanced materials.<\/p>\n<p>Willow\u2019s advancements in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/821\/error-correction\">error correction<\/a> are a significant benefit to companies developing commercial quantum solutions. While this progress is an important milestone in scaling problem-solving capabilities, it is just one of many steps forward.<\/p>\n<p>Google acknowledged that it is still constrained by the same fidelity improvement limit, a factor of two, regardless of how many error-correcting bits are employed with the surface code.<\/p>\n<p>The company has announced plans to explore alternative error correction algorithms that could be simpler than surface codes and potentially deliver superior performance.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"the_current_state_of_quantum_computing\">The Current State of Quantum Computing<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Quantum computing is still in its early stages, but the field is rapidly gaining momentum. IBM launched Osprey, a 433-qubit machine, last year and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/quantum\/blog\/100k-qubit-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\">aims to build a 100,000-qubit system<\/a> within the next decade.<\/p>\n<p>Google has even bigger ambitions, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/ai\/unveiling-our-new-quantum-ai-campus\/\" target=\"_blank\">targeting a million qubits by the end of the decade<\/a>. Other key players in this emerging space include D-Wave Systems, IonQ, Rigetti Computing, Honeywell, Microsoft, and Intel. Many of these companies are already offering quantum computing services through the cloud.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/quantum-computing-market-104855\" target=\"_blank\">According to Fortune Business Insights<\/a>, the quantum computing market is expected to grow significantly, increasing from $928.8 million in 2024 to $6.5 billion by 2030. This represents a compound annual growth rate of 32.1%.<\/p>\n<p>Venture capital funding for quantum computing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/quantum-computing-investment-boom-funding\">surged by 700% between 2015 and 2023<\/a>. One standout example is PsiQuantum, a quantum computing startup founded in 2016, which has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psiquantum.com\/news-import\/psiquantum-raises-450-million-to-build-its-quantum-computer\" target=\"_blank\">raised over $665 million to date<\/a>. The company has attracted investments from major players like BlackRock and Microsoft.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"the_bottom_line\">The Bottom Line<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Scientists continue to face many challenges in developing large-scale quantum computers, and skeptics argue that it is still too early to get excited about quantum computing\u2019s real-world applications.<\/p>\n<p>History offers a useful perspective. For example, the concept of artificial intelligence was first introduced in the 1950s, but it took decades before AI saw practical applications, such as speech recognition or image processing.<\/p>\n<p>Only in recent years, with advancements in hardware and algorithms, has AI truly transformed industries. Similarly, hard tech like quantum computing requires time.<\/p>\n<p>But quantum is coming, and businesses should start thinking about how it will drive digital investment, reshape industries, and spark innovation.<\/p>\n<p>It might not make a huge impact right now, but getting a good grasp of quantum applications today is key to positioning your company to take advantage of its potential over the next decade.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"faqs\">FAQs<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"man_faq_sec\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\"><\/time><section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">What is Google Willow?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Google Willow is a new quantum chip designed to combine speed and accuracy while reducing error rates in quantum computing.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">How fast is Google Willow?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Google claims Willow can solve problems in under five minutes that would take the fastest supercomputers 10 septillion years to compute.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">What makes Willow different from other quantum chips?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">From a first look, Willow stands out for its improved error correction, longer qubit retention times, and enhanced reliability compared to earlier chips like Google Sycamore.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">What are the potential applications of Willow?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Willow could enable advancements in AI, quantum-resistant security, drug discovery, and materials science.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">What is the future of quantum computing?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">The quantum computing market is projected to grow to $6.5 billion by 2030, with companies like Google and IBM targeting scalable systems with millions of qubits.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Is quantum computing ready for commercial use?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Not yet, but advancements like Google Willow bring quantum computing closer to commercial viability by improving speed, accuracy, and scalability.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<div class=\"reference-content\">\n<div class=\"reference-heading reference-content-collapsible-heading\">\n<h2><span id=\"references\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"reference-content-body\">\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/research\/google-willow-quantum-chip\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meet Willow, our state-of-the-art quantum chip<\/a> (Blog)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/quantum\/blog\/100k-qubit-supercomputer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charting the course to 100,000 qubits | IBM Quantum Computing Blog<\/a> (Ibm)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/ai\/unveiling-our-new-quantum-ai-campus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unveiling our new Quantum AI campus<\/a> (Blog)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/quantum-computing-market-104855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantum Computing Market Size, Share &amp; Growth Report, 2032<\/a> (Fortunebusinessinsights)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psiquantum.com\/news-import\/psiquantum-raises-450-million-to-build-its-quantum-computer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PsiQuantum Raises $450 Million to Build Its Quantum Computer \u2014 PsiQuantum<\/a> (Psiquantum)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum computing has been around for quite some time now, but we have yet to see it become commercially viable. However, Google\u2019s recent announcement of the arrival of Willow, a quantum chip that has reduced the error tendencies of some of its predecessors, proves we are closer than ever. Willow is a big step toward [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287271,"featured_media":374605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[586],"tags":[],"category_partsoff":[],"class_list":["post-374547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emerging-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Google Willow Pushes Us Closer to Mainstream Quantum Computing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Google Willow is a big step toward making quantum computing a reality for consumers, with breakthroughs in speed, accuracy, and error correction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" 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