{"id":34729,"date":"2025-02-10T06:30:09","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T06:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/?p=34729"},"modified":"2025-02-10T06:30:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T06:30:09","slug":"sam-altman-ia-generale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/sam-altman-ia-generale","title":{"rendered":"Sam Altman et l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rale en 2025 : Simple pr\u00e9diction ou r\u00e9alit\u00e9 imminente ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;<strong>Intelligence Artificielle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/strong><strong> (IAG)<\/strong> oscille entre concept th\u00e9orique et innovation plausible \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.samaltman.com\/reflections\" target=\"_blank\">Dans un billet de blog intitul\u00e9 &#8216;R\u00e9flexions&#8217;<\/a>, publi\u00e9 le 6 janvier 2025, Sam Altman d&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/korii.slate.fr\/tech\/intelligence-artificielle-openai-piratage-tricherie-mensonge-echecs-stockfish\" target=\"_blank\">OpenAI<\/a> affirme : \u00ab nous sommes d\u00e9sormais convaincus de savoir comment construire l&#8217;IAG \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Sommes-nous r\u00e9ellement proches de l&#8217;IAG \u2013 cette id\u00e9e selon laquelle l&#8217;intelligence artificielle (IA) pourrait \u00e9galer, voire surpasser l&#8217;intelligence humaine \u2013 ou les obstacles techniques restent-ils encore trop importants ?<\/p>\n<p>Techopedia examine les d\u00e9clarations d&#8217;Altman et interroge les experts sur la possibilit\u00e9 d&#8217;une IAG d\u00e8s 2025.<\/p>\n<div>\n    <section class=\"toc-sticky w-100 bg-white \">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                 aria-controls=\"multiCollapse1\"\n                 data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse1\">\n                <button\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                >\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Sommaire\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"toc-main-title-permanent\">Sommaire<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div\n                    class=\"collapse my-3\"\n                    id=\"multiCollapse1\"\n            >\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item current\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"liag_arrive-t-elle_en_2025\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"liag_arrive-t-elle_en_2025\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">L'IAG arrive-t-elle en 2025 ?<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"pourquoi_lia_est_encore_loin_de_lintelligence_artificielle_generale\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"pourquoi_lia_est_encore_loin_de_lintelligence_artificielle_generale\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Pourquoi l'IA est encore loin de l'Intelligence Artificielle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ?<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"en_conclusion\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"en_conclusion\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">En conclusion<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"faq\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"faq\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">FAQ<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__container__disperse\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__btn-top justify-content-center\">\n                    <button class=\"btn btn-link d-flex align-items-center\" onclick={btnTop()}><p>Montrer Tout<\/p><img decoding=\"async\"\n                                src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/table-of-contents\/assets\/images\/arrow-up-circle.svg\"\n                                alt=\"arrow-up-circle\">\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <div class=\"toc-sticky-list\">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-controls=\"multiCollapse2\" data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse2\">\n                <button class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\">\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Sommaire\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div  class=\"collapse my-3\" id=\"multiCollapse2\">\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item current \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"liag_arrive-t-elle_en_2025\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"liag_arrive-t-elle_en_2025\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">L'IAG arrive-t-elle en 2025 ?<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"pourquoi_lia_est_encore_loin_de_lintelligence_artificielle_generale\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"pourquoi_lia_est_encore_loin_de_lintelligence_artificielle_generale\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Pourquoi l'IA est encore loin de l'Intelligence Artificielle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ?<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    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!header) return;\n\n            const headerHeight = header.getBoundingClientRect().height;\n            const targetHeight = targetListStatic.getBoundingClientRect().height;\n\n            \/\/ -headerHeight so it won't be jumpy\n            const stop = targetListStatic.offsetTop + headerHeight + targetHeight;\n            const docBody =\n                document.documentElement || document.body.parentNode || document.body;\n            const hasOffset = window.pageYOffset !== undefined;\n\n            const applySticky = function () {\n                \/\/ cross-browser compatible scrollTop.\n                const scrollTop = hasOffset ? window.pageYOffset : docBody.scrollTop;\n\n                \/\/ if user scrolls to headerHeight from the top of the target div\n                if (scrollTop >= stop) {\n                    pageLegendCollapse.hide();\n                    \/\/ stick the div\n                    target.classList.add(\"sticky\");\n                    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charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Le lancement de ChatGPT en novembre 2022 et les r\u00e9centes innovations dans le domaine des grands mod\u00e8les de langage (LLM) ont d\u00e9mocratis\u00e9 l&#8217;usage pratique de l&#8217;IA.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&#8217;approche du pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/intelligence-artificielle\/chatgpt-5-aura-le-niveau-dun-doctorant\">GPT-5<\/a>, les sp\u00e9culations sur le prochain bond technologique se multiplient.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lou Steinberg, fondateur et directeur associ\u00e9 de CTM Insights<\/strong>, confie \u00e0 Techopedia :<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>OpenAI a fortement laiss\u00e9 entendre disposer de nouveaux types de mod\u00e8les capables non seulement de synth\u00e9tiser, mais aussi de raisonner.<\/p>\n<p>Cela signifierait passer de l&#8217;automatisation de t\u00e2ches simples (r\u00e9sumer un email) \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et la compr\u00e9hension v\u00e9ritable.<\/p>\n<p>Le raisonnement permettrait \u00e0 l&#8217;IA de se projeter vers l&#8217;avenir plut\u00f4t que de s&#8217;appuyer uniquement sur des donn\u00e9es d&#8217;entra\u00eenement. L&#8217;IAG pourrait concevoir de nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments et recettes surpassant l&#8217;existant.<\/p>\n<p>Elle pourrait cr\u00e9er du code de qualit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure plut\u00f4t que de simplement reproduire des routines moyennes. Elle pourrait \u00e9crire des romans dignes du prochain Hemingway.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Sam Altman, qui en sait plus que quiconque sur l&#8217;avenir de ChatGPT, a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 lors d&#8217;une interview vid\u00e9o en d\u00e9cembre 2024 que nous verrions l&#8217;IAG en 2025.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Il a approfondi sa d\u00e9claration dans son billet &#8216;R\u00e9flexions&#8217; du 6 janvier 2025 :<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>\u00c0 l&#8217;approche de l&#8217;IAG, il semble opportun d&#8217;examiner les progr\u00e8s de notre entreprise.<\/p>\n<p>Nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 OpenAI il y a pr\u00e8s de neuf ans, convaincus que l&#8217;IAG \u00e9tait possible et qu&#8217;elle pourrait \u00eatre la technologie la plus impactante de l&#8217;histoire humaine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nous sommes d\u00e9sormais certains de savoir comment construire l&#8217;IAG telle que nous l&#8217;avons traditionnellement con\u00e7ue.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nous pensons qu&#8217;en 2025, nous pourrions voir les premiers agents IA &#8216;rejoindre la population active&#8217; et transformer significativement la productivit\u00e9 des entreprises.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>En revanche, d&#8217;autres &#8220;experts de l&#8217;IA&#8221; estiment que la naissance de l&#8217;IAG est encore lointaine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Demis Hassabis, PDG de Google DeepMind<\/strong>, estime qu&#8217;il faut attendre encore au moins 10 ans avant de voir une IA capable de raisonner comme l&#8217;humain, tandis que <strong>Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong>, souvent qualifi\u00e9 de parrain de l&#8217;IA, estime que cette technologie ne verra pas le jour avant au moins 20 ans.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">reflections: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rHdE40AuOG\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/t.co\/rHdE40AuOG<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Sam Altman (@sama) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sama\/status\/1876081442775793984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\">January 6, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"pourquoi_lia_est_encore_loin_de_lintelligence_artificielle_generale\">Pourquoi l&#8217;IA est encore loin de l&#8217;Intelligence Artificielle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ?<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p>Il semble que l&#8217;une des principales raisons de cet \u00e9cart r\u00e9side dans la d\u00e9pendance de l&#8217;IA moderne aux LLM, pierre angulaire des produits phares comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/chatgpt\">ChatGPT<\/a>, Claude et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/gemini-vs-chatgpt\">Gemini<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00eatre humain, un <strong>LLM n&#8217;est pas dot\u00e9 de conscience<\/strong> ni de bon sens pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes logiques. Il se contente d&#8217;analyser des motifs dans ses donn\u00e9es d&#8217;entra\u00eenement pour pr\u00e9dire une r\u00e9ponse correspondant \u00e0 l&#8217;intention de l&#8217;invit de l&#8217;utilisateur.<\/p>\n<p>Ces mod\u00e8les devraient \u00eatre consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9s avant de pouvoir commencer \u00e0 r\u00e9pliquer l&#8217;intelligence humaine.<\/p>\n<p>Cela dit, nous commen\u00e7ons \u00e0 voir des mod\u00e8les d&#8217;IA &#8220;surpasser&#8221; les humains sur certaines t\u00e2ches. Par exemple, <strong>les LLM peuvent cr\u00e9er du contenu \u00e9crit et des images \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/strong>, d\u00e9passant les capacit\u00e9s de production des r\u00e9dacteurs et designers humains (bien que les cr\u00e9atifs humains puissent offrir une dimension artistique plus riche).<\/p>\n<p>Nous voyons \u00e9galement des entreprises comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/openai\">OpenAI<\/a> et Microsoft investir dans la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/agents-ia\">agents IA<\/a> pour automatiser des flux de travail complets et effectuer des actions avec une intervention humaine minimale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dev Nag, fondateur et PDG de QueryPal<\/strong>, explique \u00e0 Techopedia :<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>L&#8217;IAG n&#8217;est pas seulement th\u00e9oriquement possible ; elle est r\u00e9alisable moyennant des avanc\u00e9es suffisantes en apprentissage automatique et en mat\u00e9riel informatique.<\/p>\n<p>Le cerveau humain prouve l&#8217;existence d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me physique capable d&#8217;intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, fournissant une feuille de route de ce qui est r\u00e9alisable selon les lois de la physique et de la th\u00e9orie de l&#8217;information.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, y parvenir n\u00e9cessitera des bonds consid\u00e9rables dans des domaines tels que l&#8217;apprentissage continu pour r\u00e9soudre l&#8217;oubli catastrophique, le mat\u00e9riel neuromorphique pour r\u00e9pliquer l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du cerveau, et de nouvelles architectures pour le m\u00e9ta-apprentissage et la planification hi\u00e9rarchique.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Comme d&#8217;autres l&#8217;ont dit, il nous faudra probablement une douzaine de perc\u00e9es r\u00e9volutionnaires avant d&#8217;atteindre l&#8217;IAG.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<h2><span id=\"en_conclusion\">En conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Il devient de plus en plus \u00e9vident que nous sommes r\u00e9solument sur la voie de l&#8217;IAG sous une forme ou une autre.<\/p>\n<p>Des mod\u00e8les d&#8217;IA \u00e9mergent, capables d&#8217;effectuer certaines t\u00e2ches plus efficacement que les \u00eatres humains, et il est probable que des syst\u00e8mes plus avanc\u00e9s appara\u00eetront, surpassant les comp\u00e9tences humaines dans d&#8217;autres domaines.<\/p>\n<p>Les implications pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et le march\u00e9 du travail restent floues. Si la reconversion ou la concurrence avec l&#8217;IA n&#8217;est pas envisageable \u00e0 long terme, que feront les \u00eatres humains ? Nous devrons r\u00e9soudre cette question le moment venu.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"man_faq_sec\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\"><\/time><section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Quand Sam Altman pr\u00e9dit-il l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e de l&#8217;IAG ?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Le PDG d&#8217;OpenAI sugg\u00e8re que l&#8217;IAG pourrait faire ses d\u00e9buts d\u00e8s 2025. <\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Quels sont les principaux d\u00e9fis pour atteindre l&#8217;IAG ?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Les d\u00e9fis incluent des perc\u00e9es en apprentissage continu, en mat\u00e9riel neuromorphique et en cr\u00e9ation de syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;IA capables de raisonner et de s&#8217;adapter de mani\u00e8re autonome. <\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Pourquoi les LLM actuels ne peuvent-ils pas atteindre l&#8217;IAG ?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Les LLM, comme ChatGPT, manquent de raisonnement, de bon sens et d&#8217;autonomie \u2013 ils reposent sur la reconnaissance de motifs dans les donn\u00e9es d&#8217;entra\u00eenement. <\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Quel serait l&#8217;impact de l&#8217;IAG sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">L&#8217;IAG pourrait r\u00e9volutionner les industries, transformer l&#8217;emploi et soulever des questions \u00e9thiques et existentielles sur le r\u00f4le de l&#8217;IA dans l&#8217;humanit\u00e9. <\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Quelles avanc\u00e9es sont n\u00e9cessaires pour l&#8217;IAG ?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">L&#8217;IAG n\u00e9cessitera des innovations en apprentissage automatique, en efficacit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle et de nouvelles architectures pour le raisonnement et l&#8217;adaptabilit\u00e9. <\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;Intelligence Artificielle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale (IAG) oscille entre concept th\u00e9orique et innovation plausible \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque. Dans un billet de blog intitul\u00e9 &#8216;R\u00e9flexions&#8217;, publi\u00e9 le 6 janvier 2025, Sam Altman d&#8217;OpenAI affirme : \u00ab nous sommes d\u00e9sormais convaincus de savoir comment construire l&#8217;IAG \u00bb. Sommes-nous r\u00e9ellement proches de l&#8217;IAG \u2013 cette id\u00e9e selon laquelle l&#8217;intelligence artificielle (IA) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287307,"featured_media":34730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-intelligence-artificielle"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sam Altman et l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rale en 2025 : r\u00e9alit\u00e9 imminente ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Techopedia examine les d\u00e9clarations d&#039;Altman et interroge les experts sur la possibilit\u00e9 d&#039;une IAG d\u00e8s 2025.\" 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