{"id":28748,"date":"2024-11-12T13:16:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T13:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/?p=28748"},"modified":"2024-11-12T13:21:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T13:21:23","slug":"10-meilleurs-langages-de-programmation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/10-meilleurs-langages-de-programmation","title":{"rendered":"Les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 conna\u00eetre en 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aujourd&#8217;hui, de nombreux emplois dans le domaine des technologies de l&#8217;informationexigent une solide connaissance des principaux langages de programmation. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Que vous souhaitez entamer une carri\u00e8re ou faire \u00e9voluer votre r\u00f4le actuel dans le d\u00e9veloppement de logiciels, vous devrez conna\u00eetre au moins quelques-uns de ces langages.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mais dans un secteur num\u00e9rique qui \u00e9volue tr\u00e8s rapidement, il est difficile de d\u00e9terminer quels sont les meilleurs langages de programmation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De nombreuses options existent, chacune con\u00e7ue pour des usages sp\u00e9cifiques. Pour s&#8217;y retrouver, une tactique consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la liste \u00e0 celles qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 vos besoins.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dans cet article, d\u00e9couvrez les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation. Cette s\u00e9lection est bas\u00e9e sur le classement<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiobe.com\/tiobe-index\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tiobe Index<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">le plus r\u00e9cent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div>\n    <section class=\"toc-sticky w-100 bg-white \">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                 aria-controls=\"multiCollapse1\"\n                 data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse1\">\n                <button\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                >\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Sommaire\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"toc-main-title-permanent\">Sommaire<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div\n                    class=\"collapse my-3\"\n                    id=\"multiCollapse1\"\n            >\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-item subList-in-progress  current\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 conna\u00eetre<\/a>\n                                                            <button class=\"StepProgress-item__arrow collapse-action-btn\" type=\"button\"\n                                        data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                        data-bs-target=\"#TOC1sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\"\n                                        aria-controls=\"sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\">\n                                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-down\"><\/i>\n                                <\/button>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                    <ol class=\"StepProgress-sub-list collapse\" id=\"TOC1sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\">\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"10_langage_dassemblage\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"10_langage_dassemblage\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">10.\u00a0 Langage d'assemblage<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"9_sql\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"9_sql\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">9. SQL<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"8_php\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"8_php\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">8. PHP<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"7_visual_basic\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"7_visual_basic\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">7. Visual Basic<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"6_javascript\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"6_javascript\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">6. JavaScript<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"5_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"5_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">5. C#<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"4_java\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"4_java\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">4. Java<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"3_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"3_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">3. C++<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"2_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"2_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">2. C<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                    <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"1_python\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"1_python\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">1. Python<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                            <\/ol>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"lessentiel\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"lessentiel\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">L\u2019essentiel<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__container__disperse\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__btn-top justify-content-center\">\n                    <button class=\"btn btn-link d-flex align-items-center\" onclick={btnTop()}><p>Montrer Tout<\/p><img decoding=\"async\"\n                                src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/table-of-contents\/assets\/images\/arrow-up-circle.svg\"\n                                alt=\"arrow-up-circle\">\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <div class=\"toc-sticky-list\">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-controls=\"multiCollapse2\" data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse2\">\n                <button class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\">\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Sommaire\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div  class=\"collapse my-3\" id=\"multiCollapse2\">\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                         \t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item subList-in-progress  current \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 conna\u00eetre<\/a>\n                                                                    <button class=\"StepProgress-item__arrow collapse-action-btn\" type=\"button\"\n                                            data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                                            data-bs-target=\"#sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\"\n                                            aria-controls=\"sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\">\n                                        <i class=\"icon-chevron-down\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/button>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                            <ol class=\"StepProgress-sub-list collapse\" id=\"sublist-les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\">\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"10_langage_dassemblage\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"10_langage_dassemblage\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">10.\u00a0 Langage d'assemblage<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"9_sql\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"9_sql\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">9. SQL<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"8_php\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"8_php\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">8. PHP<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"7_visual_basic\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"7_visual_basic\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">7. Visual Basic<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"6_javascript\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"6_javascript\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">6. JavaScript<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"5_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"5_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">5. C#<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"4_java\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"4_java\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">4. Java<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"3_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"3_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">3. C++<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"2_c\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"2_c\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">2. C<\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                                        <\/li>\n                                                                            <li class=\"StepProgress-sub-item\">\n                    <span>\n                      <a data-id=\"1_python\"\n                         onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"1_python\")\n                         class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                         data-level=\"3\">1. 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-30 : -15;\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: el.offsetTop - 60 - headerHeightDifference - 10,\n        });\n    }\n<\/script>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"les_10_meilleurs_langages_de_programmation_a_connaitre\">Les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 conna\u00eetre<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"10_langage_dassemblage\">10.\u00a0 Langage d&#8217;assemblage<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le langage d&#8217;assemblage<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> est un langage de programmation de bas niveau qui communique directement avec le mat\u00e9riel d&#8217;un ordinateur. Dans ce cas, il ne s&#8217;agit pas d&#8217;un seul langage, mais plut\u00f4t d&#8217;un groupe de langages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Les premiers langages d&#8217;assemblage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 1940<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>En utilisant le langage d&#8217;assemblage, un programmeur travaille avec des op\u00e9rations directement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es par l&#8217;unit\u00e9 centrale de traitement physique.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En tant que langage de bas niveau, ce langage est proche du jeu d&#8217;instructions de l&#8217;ordinateur, le rendant plus puissant que les langages de programmation de haut niveau, tels que Python, Java ou C++. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les programmeurs qui souhaitent exercer un plus grand contr\u00f4le sur leur ordinateur utilisent souvent des langages d&#8217;assemblage, car ils leur permet d&#8217;interagir directement avec les composants de l&#8217;appareil.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"9_sql\">9. SQL<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/structured-query-language-sql\">Structured Query Language (SQL)<\/a> est un langage de programmation d\u00e9claratif. Il <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">est utilis\u00e9 pour extraire des donn\u00e9es ou communiquer avec des bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par IBM au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970, le SQL est utilis\u00e9 par les programmeurs <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des rapports en interrogeant des bases de donn\u00e9es commerciales.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La popularit\u00e9 de SQL a commenc\u00e9 en 1986 lorsque l&#8217;American National Standards Institute l&#8217;a adopt\u00e9 en tant que norme. Une autre raison de la popularit\u00e9 de SQL provient de sa disponibilit\u00e9 sur une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de syst\u00e8mes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quel que soit leur domaine, les d\u00e9veloppeurs de logiciels doivent interagir avec des bases de donn\u00e9es, et le langage SQL est la norme pour orchestrer cette interaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le langage SQL est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement utilis\u00e9 par les administrateurs de bases de donn\u00e9es, ainsi que par les d\u00e9veloppeurs qui \u00e9crivent des scripts pour int\u00e9grer des donn\u00e9es provenant de diff\u00e9rentes sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"8_php\">8. PHP<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le programmeur danois et canadien Rasmus Lerdorf a cr\u00e9\u00e9 PHP<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, qui signifie &#8220;PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor&#8221;, en 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs utilisent principalement le langage PHP pour cr\u00e9er des applications web dynamiques et des sites web, ainsi que pour les scripts c\u00f4t\u00e9 serveur sur le web. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>L&#8217;un des principaux avantages du langage PHP vient de sa simplicit\u00e9. Sa syntaxe est similaire \u00e0 celle d&#8217;autres langages, notamment Java et C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Au fil des ans, PHP a \u00e9volu\u00e9 et s&#8217;est am\u00e9lior\u00e9. Il est probable qu&#8217;il continuera \u00e0 \u00e9voluer et \u00e0 rester int\u00e9ressant pour la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;applications web dynamiques et robustes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Et comme de plus en plus d&#8217;entreprises continuent de s&#8217;appuyer sur des applications bas\u00e9es sur PHP, ses fonctionnalit\u00e9s de base seront probablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9es. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ses int\u00e9grations avec d&#8217;autres technologies web seront \u00e9galement perfectionn\u00e9es, et il en r\u00e9sultera une meilleure prise en charge des cadres de d\u00e9veloppement web modernes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PHP dispose d&#8217;une communaut\u00e9 importante et active qui continue d&#8217;ajouter de nouvelles biblioth\u00e8ques et fonctionnalit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"7_visual_basic\">7. Visual Basic<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visual Basic a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit par Microsoft. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">un langage de programmation orient\u00e9 objet, cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visual Basic est issu de <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BASIC<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Beginners&#8217; All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), un langage de programmation ant\u00e9rieur. Visual Basic a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour permettre aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de mettre au point rapidement des applications bas\u00e9es sur des interfaces utilisateur graphiques et d&#8217;acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des bases de donn\u00e9es locales et distantes. L&#8217;un des avantages de la programmation en Visual Basic est sa flexibilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Les d\u00e9veloppeurs full-stack et front-end <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>peuvent utiliser Visual Basic pour cr\u00e9er des applications personnalis\u00e9es qui s&#8217;ex\u00e9cutent dans des applications web ou Windows<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> En outre, Visual Basic peut fonctionner sur n&#8217;importe quel appareil et dans n&#8217;importe quel navigateur. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Visual Basic est l&#8217;un des meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser dans les moyennes et grandes entreprises, en raison de son utilisation dans la collecte de donn\u00e9es, la communication, la gestion des stocks et l&#8217;acc\u00e8s aux bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"6_javascript\">6. JavaScript<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/javascript\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JavaScript<\/span> <\/a>a \u00e9t\u00e9 par <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brendan Eich<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> en 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs utilisent principalement JavaScript pour le d\u00e9veloppement front web, car il leur permet de cr\u00e9er des pages web dynamiques et interactives. Ils peuvent \u00e9galement utiliser JavaScript c\u00f4t\u00e9 serveur avec<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Node.js<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pour le d\u00e9veloppement web complet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>L&#8217;un des principaux avantages de JavaScript vient de sa polyvalence.<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e57f;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF99;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent l&#8217;utiliser pour cr\u00e9er un large \u00e9ventail d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ments comme :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des applications web, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des jeux, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des applications de bureau,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des applications mobiles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En \u00e9tant cross-platform<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent utiliser JavaScript sur n&#8217;importe quel syst\u00e8me d&#8217;exploitation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une communaut\u00e9 importante et active de d\u00e9veloppeurs contribue \u00e0 la croissance de JavaScript. Ces professionnels cr\u00e9ent notamment de nombreux cadres et biblioth\u00e8ques pour simplifier la programmation et la rendre plus efficace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/11\/1731448320306_processed.webp\" alt=\"langages de programmation\" width=\"1200\" height=\"969\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-28824 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/11\/1731448320306_processed.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/11\/1731448320306_processed-300x242.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/11\/1731448320306_processed-1024x827.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/11\/1731448320306_processed-768x620.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"5_c\">5. C#<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/c-c-sharp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C#<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(prononc\u00e9 C sharp) est un langage populaire utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9velopper des applications de bureau et mobiles Windows ainsi que des sites web \u00e0 l&#8217;aide du cadre <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NET<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent \u00e9galement utiliser C# pour d\u00e9velopper des jeux. Microsoft a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 ce langage de programmation moderne au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000. C# est un langage parfait pour d\u00e9velopper des applications de bureau pour les PC Windows.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>C#, un langage orient\u00e9 objet, allie la simplicit\u00e9 de Visual Basic, \u00e9galement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Microsoft, \u00e0 la puissance de C++. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c0 l&#8217;instar de Java, C# est un langage compil\u00e9, ce qui le rend plus rapide et efficace que les langages interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s comme Python. Une vaste communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppeurs soutient l&#8217;\u00e9volution de C# en cr\u00e9ant des biblioth\u00e8ques et des ressources \u00e0 disposition des programmeurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"4_java\">4. Java<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/java\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Java<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">est un langage de programmation de haut niveau, orient\u00e9 objet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En 1995, l&#8217;informaticien canadien James Gosling a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 Java chez Sun Microsystems (aujourd&#8217;hui propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#8217;Oracle). Java se pr\u00e9sente comme un langage polyvalent, permettant aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de l&#8217;utiliser pour un large \u00e9ventail d&#8217;applications comme :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e57f;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF99;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des applications d&#8217;entreprise, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">applications web<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">applications mobiles,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des applications de bureau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Par ailleurs, <strong>Java est un langage compil\u00e9, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire qu&#8217;il est converti en code machine avant d&#8217;\u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D\u00e8s lors, il devient plus rapide et plus s\u00fbr que Python et d&#8217;autres langages interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La syntaxe de Java est similaire \u00e0 celle du langage C++, de sorte qu&#8217;il est plus facile pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs familiaris\u00e9s avec C++ d&#8217;apprendre Java. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tr\u00e8s populaire dans les applications d&#8217;entreprise, Java est devenu un langage fondamental pour les grandes organisations. En outre, l&#8217;utilisation de Java dans le d\u00e9veloppement d&#8217;applications Android l&#8217;a rendu indispensable pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs d&#8217;applications mobiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"3_c\">3. C++<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C++<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(prononc\u00e9 &#8220;C plus plus&#8221;) est un langage informatique de haut niveau orient\u00e9 objet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l&#8217;informaticien danois Bjorne Stroustrop \u00e0 partir de 1979 dans le cadre du d\u00e9veloppement de la famille de langages C. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Le C++ est l&#8217;un des langages de programmation les plus populaires et les plus utilis\u00e9s.<\/strong> C&#8217;est le choix id\u00e9al pour d\u00e9velopper des syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;exploitation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent \u00e9galement utiliser le C++ pour un large \u00e9ventail de t\u00e2ches, incluant la programmation de syst\u00e8mes, la programmation de syst\u00e8mes embarqu\u00e9s et le d\u00e9veloppement de jeux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le C++ est l&#8217;un des meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 conna\u00eetre, car il s&#8217;av\u00e8re facile \u00e0 prendre en main si vous d\u00e9butez. Il est \u00e9galement facile de passer au C++ car sa syntaxe est similaire \u00e0 celle du C, du C# et du Java.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e57f;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF99;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le C++ prend en charge diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes de programmation, notamment : <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">orient\u00e9es objet, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fonctionnelles, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">proc\u00e9durales.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p>D&#8217;autres peuvent aussi se rajouter \u00e0 la liste. Ce point fort <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">en fait un langage informatique de haut niveau orient\u00e9 objet.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"2_c\">2. C<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C est un langage de programmation de haut niveau \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Dennis Ritchie aux Bell Telephone Laboratories en 1972. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le C est l&#8217;un des langages les plus populaires qui soient.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Malgr\u00e9 son anciennet\u00e9, le C reste un langage de programmation populaire, notamment parce qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un langage fondamental dans le domaine de l&#8217;informatique.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e57f;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF99;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent utiliser le C pour mettre au point des logiciels tels que :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;exploitation, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des compilateurs, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-check-circle\" style=\"color:#0191C4\"><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">des bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le langage de programmation C convient aux d\u00e9butants en raison de son efficacit\u00e9 et de sa simplicit\u00e9. En outre, le C leur permet d&#8217;acqu\u00e9rir une compr\u00e9hension de base de la programmation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C est \u00e9troitement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unix<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">puisque Ritchie a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 C pour \u00e9crire le syst\u00e8me d&#8217;exploitation Unix. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Si vous ma\u00eetrisez le C, vous n&#8217;aurez aucun mal \u00e0 apprendre d&#8217;autres langages, tels que Python, C++, C# et Java, car leur syntaxe s&#8217;apparente \u00e0 celle du C.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"1_python\">1. Python<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/python\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Python<\/span> <\/a>est un langage unisversel <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">reconnu pour sa lisibilit\u00e9, sa polyvalence et sa simplicit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent utiliser Python pour un certain nombre d&#8217;applications, notamment<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">la science de data<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">l&#8217;analyse des donn\u00e9es<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">l<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/fr\/dictionnaire\/intelligence-artificielle-term\">&#8216;Intelligence Artificielle<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(IA), le d\u00e9veloppement web et <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">le machine learning<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le langage Python \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s polyvalent, il peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par des d\u00e9veloppeurs dans de nombreux secteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Le langage Python est \u00e9galement la meilleure option pour la science des donn\u00e9es et l&#8217;intelligence artificielle en raison de sa richesse en biblioth\u00e8ques et de sa polyvalence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Python est l&#8217;un des langages de programmation les plus populaires si vous d\u00e9butez, car il est facile \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser et il existe de nombreuses ressources en ligne pour vous aider.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Python est \u00e9galement populaire aupr\u00e8s des d\u00e9veloppeurs exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s en raison de sa simplicit\u00e9 et de sa facilit\u00e9 d&#8217;utilisation. Sa large biblioth\u00e8que de modules pr\u00e9d\u00e9finis et sa syntaxe facile \u00e0 lire permettent aux d\u00e9veloppeurs d&#8217;\u00e9crire rapidement et efficacement du code.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"lessentiel\">L\u2019essentiel<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L&#8217;\u00e9mergence de nouvelles technologies entra\u00eene une augmentation de la demande de d\u00e9veloppeurs qualifi\u00e9s. Vous pouvez commencer une carri\u00e8re ou mettre \u00e0 jour vos comp\u00e9tences en programmation en comprenant quels sont les langages de programmation les plus populaires et ceux qui seront n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l&#8217;avenir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd&#8217;hui, de nombreux emplois dans le domaine des technologies de l&#8217;informationexigent une solide connaissance des principaux langages de programmation. Que vous souhaitez entamer une carri\u00e8re ou faire \u00e9voluer votre r\u00f4le actuel dans le d\u00e9veloppement de logiciels, vous devrez conna\u00eetre au moins quelques-uns de ces langages. Mais dans un secteur num\u00e9rique qui \u00e9volue tr\u00e8s rapidement, il [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287307,"featured_media":28752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logiciels"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation \u00e0 savoir en 2025<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans cet article, d\u00e9couvrez les 10 meilleurs langages de programmation. 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